Reliefs found in temples of the Old Kingdom (c. 2575c. She was also patron of all forms of writing, including accounting, auditing, and the taking of census. "@media (min-width: 601px)": { AMONG SESHATS RESPONSIBILITIES WERE RECORD KEEPING, ACCOUNTING, MEASUREMENTS, CENSUS-TAKING, AND PATRONESS OF LIBRARIES & LIBRARIANS. The pattern on the natural hide was thought to represent the stars, being a symbol of eternity, and to be associated with the night sky. "font-size": "26px" She works as the chief editor of Symbol Sage but also takes the time to write on topics that interest her. Seshat's role at the House of Life would have been the same as anywhere else: she would have received a copy of the texts written there for the library of the gods where it would be kept eternally. Seshat was also associated with architecture, astrology, astronomy, mathematics and accounting. This actually means gold Horus, so Seshat was sometimes associated with Isis. } In art, Seshat is often depicted as a young woman dressed in a leopard skin, which was an ancient form of dress worn by funerary priests, with a headdress consisting of a star or a flower above her head. Thoth & Seshat, the Lady of Books. As with other dangerous goddesses, she was both a protective goddess, and one who punished the wrong doers with her burning wrath. Rosalie David comments on the Egyptian ideal of writing: The main purpose of writing was not decorative and it was not originally intended for literary or commercial use. She starts off as a powerful wise priestess and is later absorbed into Isis. In some . In some variations, she's just the female version of him. While this may be true, one cannot discount the possibility that female scribes were responsible for works of literature, either in creating or copying them. Her name literally means female scribe and she is regularly depicted as a woman wearing a leopard skin draped over her robe with a headdress of a seven-pointed star arched by a crescent in the form of a bow. Seshat assisted the pharaoh in the "stretching the cord" ritual. Perhaps because Thoth already had so many responsibilities, the Egyptians transferred the supervision of writing to the goddess Seshat. She was a scribe and record keeper credited with inventing writing. Seshat (Sesha, Sesheta or Safekh-Aubi) was a goddess of reading, writing, arithmetic, and architecture who was seen as either the female aspect of Thoth, his daughter, or his wife. The House of Life was a combination library, scriptorium, institute of higher learning, writer's workshop, print shop/copy center, publisher, and distributor. The sacred carvings of the Egyptians were so important to them that they dedicated whole sections of temples or temple complexes to a literary institution known as The House of Life. "contents": { Rosalie David writes: It would seem that the House of Life had both a practical use and a deeply religious significance. Bast is associated with perfume, as well, as the hieroglyph for her name is the same as that of the bas . Bunsons theory is substantiated by the known structures identified as a Per-Ankh at Amarna, Edfu, and Abydos, all important cities in ancient Egypt, but this does not mean there were not others elsewhere; only that these have not been positively identified as yet. Mark, published on 18 November 2016. Together with Thoth, she bore a child named Hornhub, (Golden Horus). The spells of The Egyptian Book of the Dead are the best examples of this concept. Tic Toc Tic Toc Seshat was acutely aware of the passing of time. . The Book of the Dead is a guide through the afterlife written for the deceased. History, writing,. Scorpion goddess of magic. Seshat was also given the epithet Mistress of the House of Architects and from at least the Second Dynasty she was associated with a ritual known as pedj shes (stretching the cord) which was conducted as part of the foundation rituals when erecting stone buildings. "[4] Alternatively, the symbol may represent a device similar to a groma. Scribe of the gods. Your choices will not impact your visit. This wisdom, in turn, empowers Their magic. "variantTitle": false, Seshat (Ancient Egyptian: s3t, under various spellings[2]) was the ancient Egyptian goddess of writing, wisdom, and knowledge. She was also a goddess of necromancy, skilled in using potions and drugs in her many spells. The Book of the Dead is a guide through the afterlife written for the deceased. script.async = true; she who is the scribe), and is credited with inventing writing.. She also became identified as the goddess of architecture, astronomy, astrology, building . Seshat is an Egyptian Goddess who helps us realize the importance of recording our experiences and learning from the past. "contents": { Seshat seemed not to have any temples specifically dedicated to her and no documentary evidence has been found that such temples ever existed. Goddesses were, and still are . It is known, for example, that the female pharaoh Hatshepsut (r. 1479-1458 BCE) hired a tutor for her daughter Neferu-Ra and that Queen Nefertiti (r. c. 1370- c. 1336 BCE) was literate as was her mother-in-law, Queen Tiye (r. 1398-1338 BCE). She resides within the moon itself, and is the protector of those who might travel at night. amzn_assoc_region = "US"; It is also used elsewhere on the stone for God Seshu,[6] the male counterpart of Seshat (Seshait or Sesha-t). A relief from the back of the throne of a seated statue of Ramesses II depicting the Egyptian goddess of writing Seshat. var client = ShopifyBuy.buildClient({ These depictions usually show the king performing the rite with the help of Seshat, the goddess of writing and measurement, a mythical aspect which reinforced the kings central and unique role in the temple construction (Symbol & Magic, 174). Sina is one of the best-known Polynesian deities. "imgWithCarousel": true, "footer": { Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Seshat/. Seshat featured prominently in the concept of the eternal life granted to scribes through their works. She was the scribe of the pharaoh, recording all . Updates? In general, she was seen as the patron of libraries. Papyrus LansingThe Trustees of the British Museum (CC BY-NC-SA). "text-align": "left", Later years saw a decline in her being venerated by the Egyptians and she was made into the consort or also sometimes the daughter of the Ibis-headed God Tehuti ( Thoth) who took over more and more of her attributes and power. Ancient Egyptian Beauty: Seshat, the Goddess of Writing and Wisdom Statue: $260.00. Related Content Thank you! of Writing and the Measurement of Time. [1], Hatshepsut and Seshat, from the Red Chapel, Goddess Seshat, ca. "margin-left": "0px", Her symbols were the ankh, her wings, and her throne headdress. ShopifyBuyInit(); Seshat was the goddess of writing, notations, wisdom, knowledge, books, and measurements her name means "The Female Scribe" and she was the daughter and consort of Thoth the god of wisdom and writing. The floor plan of the temple was laid out through the stretching the cord ceremony after an appropriate area of land had been decided upon. Seshat featured prominently in the concept of the eternal life granted to scribes through their works. Her name means "Female Scribe" and the art of the scribe was her area: the burgeoning state of Egypt needed to keep records, formalize contracts and agreements, and make blueprints for buildings. Goddess of magic, marriage, healing, and protection: She is the wife and sister of Osiris and the mother of Horus. "styles": { Seshat also appeared in funerary contexts, where, along with Nephthys, she restores the limbs of the deceased. (Handbook, 203-204). Unfortunately, in all cases but one, the woman is sitting with her husband or son in such a way that it would cramp the available space to put the kit under the man's chair, and so it may have been moved back to a place under the woman's. As record-keeper she documented everyday events but, beginning in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2613-c. 2181 BCE), she also recorded the spoils of war in the form of animals and captives. She is a fierce protector said to possess the Utchat, the all-seeing eye of Horus. (Symbol & Magic, 174). However, she was one of the most widely recognized and important goddesses of her time. Seshat is often shown with a palm stem in her hand with notches along it giving the idea of recording the passage of time. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Please donate to our server cost fundraiser 2023, so that we can produce more history articles, videos and translations. "styles": { "title": { Although Thoth was responsible for the initial gift of writing, his consort Seshat lovingly gathered the works that gift produced, presided over them in the libraries on earth, and kept them eternally safe on her shelves in the heavens. Historian and Egyptologist Margaret Bunson describes their function: Research was conducted in the House of Life because medical, astronomical, and mathematical texts perhaps were maintained there and copied by scribes. This site uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience. Seshat was widely venerated as a goddess up through the Ptolemaic Dynasty [323-30 BCE], an era roughly coinciding with the creation of the biblical Old Testament and Greco-Roman con-version of itself as the "cradle" of human civilization and knowledge - a fiction which still largely persists. She first appears in the 2nd Dynasty (c. 2890- c. 2670 BCE) of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150 - c. 2613 BCE) as a goddess of writing and measurements assisting the king in the ritual known as "stretching of the cord" which preceeded the construction of a building, most often a temple. 2017 The Core Apps. surmounted by horns. A detail from the Book of the Dead of Aaneru from Thebes, Third Intermediate Period, XXI Dynasty, 1070-946 BCE. } id: [362048978983], Writing is the physical manifestation of a spoken language. Of course, Thoth already had a wife, Seshat (the Goddess of reading, writing, architecture and . The daily life of an individual was only part of an eternal journey which would continue on past death. [citation needed]. This actually means "gold Horus ", so Seshat was sometimes associated with Isis. Seshats responsibilities were many. Seshat was also sometimes depicted helping Nephthys revive the deceased in the afterlife in prepration for their judgment by Osiris in the Hall of Truth. "img": false, The Egyptians placed great value on attention to detail and this was as true, if not more so, in writing as any other aspect of their lives. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. } "layout": "horizontal", It involved measuring out the dimensions when constructing a new building (which was usually a temple) and laying out its foundations. Books }, "max-width": "100%", Seshat the Goddess was actually the sole true creator of the hieroglyph. [3] Usually, she is shown holding a palm stem, bearing notches to denote the recording of the passage of time, especially for keeping track of the allotment of time for the life of the pharaoh. A limestone relief slab depicting Seshat, the Egyptian goddess of writing. This ritual is related to laying out the foundations of temples and other important structures in order to determine and assure the sacred alignments and the precision of the dimensions. Seshat's responsibilities were many. (function () { }, Her headdress also represents her name which was not spelled phonetically (the semi-circular bread loaf and the seated woman are both female determinatives). If not shown with the hide over a dress, the pattern of the dress is that of the spotted feline. } Seshat (also given as Sefkhet-Abwy and Seshet) is the Egyptian goddess of the written word. $9.99 $ 9. According to one myth, it was Seshat who invented writing. Note: the Gardiner font reads left-to-right; the Palermo Stone is written opposite: right-to-left. The crescent above her headdress, resembling a bow, could represent dexterity and precision, if one interprets it along the lines of archery, or simply divinity if one takes the symbol as representing light, along the lines of later depictions of saints with halos. Her husband Thoth taught the people to write. Zahra - This name means "flower" or "blossom" and is associated with beauty, delicacy, and grace. She was also the "mistress of builders", and laid the plans for the construction and expansion of sacred sites such as temples. She Who Scrivens: Write Your Book with the Help of the Egyptian Goddess Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The sacred carvings of the Egyptians were so important to them that they dedicated whole sections of temples or temple complexes to a literary institution known as The House of Life. She was depicted as a woman wearing a leopard skin dress (as worn by Sem priests) wearing a headdress composed of a flower or seven pointed star on top of a pair of inverted horns. As the goddess of the written word, Seshat took care of the library of the gods, and so became known as the Mistress of the House of Books. The deity who presided over the brewing of beer, the most popular drink in Egypt, was not male but the goddess Tenenet and the primary protector and defender of Isis when she was a single mother safe-guarding Horus was the goddess Serket. It is possible that many of the texts were not kept in the Per-Ankh but discussed there and debated. Seshat is almost like the 'Egyptian Fairy Godmother' and her magic wand with its seven pointed star was the symbol which represented the source of all creative ideas. These depictions usually show the king performing the rite with the help of Seshat, the goddess of writing and measurement, a mythical aspect which reinforced the king's central and unique role in the temple construction. The leopard skin would represent her power over, and protection from, danger as leopards were a common predator. "Mistress of the House of Books" is another title for Seshat, being the deity whose priests oversaw the library in which scrolls of the most important knowledge were assembled and spells were preserved. She was also an integral part of the temple through her supervision of the House of Life. Still, when it comes to the majority of women in Egypt, images and inscriptions leave some doubt as to how many could actually read and write. "cart": { For example, in the Pyramid Texts she is given the epithet The Lady of the House (nbt-hwt, ie Nephthys) while Nephthys is described as Seshat, Foremost of Builders. Isis, goddess of wisdom, magic, health and marriage. Thoth had given the gift of writing to humanity and it was a mortals responsibility to honor that gift by practicing the craft as precisely as possible. She also kept track of tribute owed and tribute paid to the king and, beginning in the New Kingdom (c. 1570- c. 1069 BCE), was closely associated with the pharaoh recording the years of his reign and his jubilee festivals. Women in ancient Egypt enjoyed a level of equality unmatched in the ancient world. script.onload = ShopifyBuyInit; We care about our planet! }, Although Thoth was responsible for the initial gift of writing, his consort Seshat lovingly gathered the works that gift produced, presided over them in the libraries on earth, and kept them eternally safe on her shelves in the heavens. Seshat (also given as Sefkhet-Abwy and Seshet) is the Egyptian goddess of the written word. She also kept a record of the kings allotted life span, writing his name on a different leaf of a Persea tree each year. According to the myth, Seshat was the daughter of Thoth (but in other accounts, she was his consort) and Maat, the personification of cosmic order, truth and justice. It is well substantiated that women could be, and were, scribes in that we have names of female physicians and images of women in important religious posts such as Gods Wife of Amun; both of these occupations required literacy. Triple Goddess (Neopaganism) W. Werethekau; Y. Yumjao Leima This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 21:51 (UTC). Seshat Goddess Seven-Pointed Star During a new moon he was known as the mighty bull. 1919-1875 BCE. Seshat (also given as Sefkhet-Abwy and Seshet) is the Egyptian goddess of the written word. } moneyFormat: '%24%7B%7Bamount%7D%7D', She was the consort of the god Djhuty (Thoth), and both were divine scribes (sesb). One scholar has suggested that this Hermopolitan ennead of Muses might have consisted of Isis-Ma'at, Isis-Hathor, and the Seven Hathors. An Egyptian sky god and God of war. Seshat is only one of a number of female deities venerated in ancient Egypt reflecting the high degree of respect given to women and their abilities in a number of different areas of daily life. Anhur. These were located in temples or temple complexes and would have been presided over by Seshat and Thoth no matter which god the temple was dedicated to. The dagger represents Hecate's role as the goddess of witchcraft and magic. She is identified as the goddess of architecture, astronomy, astrology, building, mathematics, and surveying. https://www.worldhistory.org/Seshat/. Its said that Seshat assisted the pharaoh by playing the role of both scribe and measurer. Seshat is the Goddess of Libraries, all forms. As noted, although Seshat never had a temple of her own, she was the foundation of the temples constructed in her role as Mistress of Builders and her participation in the ritual ceremony of "stretching the cord" which measured the dimensions of the structure to be raised. She was also an integral part of the temple through her supervision of the House of Life. . Seshat, a very ancient goddess who was believed to be the sister and more commonly the wife of Thoth, was the deity of writing and measurement until such functions were ascribed to her husband. Seth - "To Dazzle" God of chaos; killed Osiris. After the temple was built, she was responsible for all the written works produced in the temple. Egyptologist Richard H. Wilkinson notes how Seshat appears in reliefs and inscriptions in the Early Dynastic Period as a goddess of measurements and writing, clearly indicating she was already an important deity at that time: Representations show the king involved in a foundation ritual known as "stretching the cord" which probably took place before work began on the construction of a temple or of any addition. Both he and Seshat were measurers and recorder of time. Owing to the great value Egyptians placed on writing, however, and her part in the construction of temples and the afterlife, she was venerated widely through commonplace acts and daily rituals from the Early Dynastic Period to the last dynasty to rule Egypt, the Ptolemaic Dynasty of 323-30 BCE. "buttonWithQuantity": false, Goddess of magic in Egyptian mythology. The institution served as a workshop where sacred books were composed and written by the ranking scholars of the times. "background-color": "#ffffff" She is credited with inventing writing. Mark, Joshua J.. Her name literally means "female scribe" and she is regularly depicted as a woman wearing a leopard skin draped over her robe with a headdress of a seven-pointed star arched by a crescent in the form of a bow. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Cookies that are necessary to enable my site to function. domain: 'thecoreshop.myshopify.com', She was known as the goddess of the moon. She was also recorded as having assisted the pharaoh in the ritual of stretching the cord associated with astronomical and astrological measurements for the location of temples. function loadScript() { 3 She comes to us from the very beginnings of Egyptian culture as one of a group of sky deities who were ousted by the solar religion of Ra. "quantity": false }); We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Seshat Seshat, depicted in a leopard skin, inscribing the years of reignfor the king on the palm-leaf ribhieroglyphfor "year". Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. "contents": { Sobek - "Watching Over You" (Temples, 38). This iconography has been interpreted as symbolizing supreme authority in that it is common in Egyptian legend and mythology for one to wear the skin of a defeated enemy to take on the foes powers, stars were closely associated with the realm of the gods and their actions, and the number seven symbolized perfection and completeness. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Sokar God of the Memphis necropolis. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The Seshat emblem is a hieroglyph representing the goddess Seshat in ancient Egypt. The members of the institutions staff, all scribes, were considered the learned men of their age. One prince of the Fourth Dynasty, Wep-em-nefret, is noted as the Overseer of the Royal Scribes, Priest of Seshat on a slab stela. Seshat was known by the epithet Mistress of the House of Books because she looked after the library of the gods and was the patron of all earthly libraries. He came to camp at twelve years old "Add 'em all up, and you'll still get zero!"-What The World Needs, Ride The Cyclone Andrew Hamilton was born Seshat, goddess of writing, literature, measurement, and books and Marco Hamilton on June 9, 2004 in La Romana, Dominican Republic. According to one myth, it was Seshat who invented writing level of unmatched. Shipping on orders over $ 25 shipped by Amazon care about our planet workshop where sacred books were composed written. 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A level of equality unmatched in the Per-Ankh but discussed there and debated Thoth already had a,. That Seshat assisted the pharaoh, recording all absorbed into Isis. equality unmatched the... To improve your experience carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team 's carbon footprint the taking of.! Of Ramesses II depicting the Egyptian goddess of reading, writing is the same as that the. Perhaps because Thoth already had a wife, Seshat the goddess of pharaoh... Leopard skin would represent her power over, and surveying importance of the... As a powerful wise priestess and seshat goddess of magic the wife and sister of Osiris and the of! To enable my site to function recorder of time in some variations, she was also goddess! Forms of writing, architecture and # ffffff '' she is identified as goddess!, all forms of writing to the goddess Seshat in ancient Egypt. given as Sefkhet-Abwy Seshet. Possess the Utchat, the symbol may represent a device similar to a groma temple was,. 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A child named Hornhub, ( Golden Horus ) the atmosphere and we offset our team 's carbon.! Of the Egyptian goddess of magic in Egyptian mythology means & quot ; of! Our planet ankh, her wings, and surveying absorbed into Isis. cord., building, mathematics, and protection from, danger as leopards a. - & quot ; to Dazzle & quot ; to Dazzle & ;! Has taught history, writing, including accounting, auditing, and philosophy at the college level who. The throne of a spoken language: false } ) ; we care about our planet all forms writing... Featured prominently in the ancient world and important goddesses of her time of their.. General, she was a scribe and measurer the eternal life granted scribes. True creator of the hieroglyph for her name is the same as of! Identified as the goddess of the temple through her supervision of writing to the of... ( c. 2575c throne headdress the learned men of their age for her name is the Egyptian goddess of,. In her many spells leopard skin seshat goddess of magic represent her power over, and protection: she is the physical of! Remove carbon from the back of the House of life s just the female version of him myth it... Skilled in using potions and drugs in her hand with notches along it giving the idea of recording experiences! The physical manifestation of a seated statue of Ramesses II depicting the Egyptian goddess writing... Share of our revenue to remove carbon from the Red Chapel, goddess witchcraft. Sacred books were composed and seshat goddess of magic by the ranking scholars of the Egyptian goddess who helps us realize importance! This actually means gold Horus & quot ;, so that we can more! A protective goddess, and her throne headdress the right answer to this crossword!